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Toksisitas moluskisida niklosamida terhadap pertumbuhan dan kondisi histopatologi juwana ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) [Toxicity of molluscicide niclosamide on growth and histopathology condition of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio]
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Abstract
Niclosamide (2', 5- dichloro-'4 nitrosalicylanilide) as pesticide is extensively used for eliminating golden apple snail (Pomacea sp.) in paddy field. This study aimed to determine effect of sublethal molluscicide niclosamide toxicity on the growth and histopathology condition of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). This research was conducted at Research Station for Environment and Toxicology, BPPBAT Bogor. The research used sixteen glass aquariums of 70 cm x 50 cm x 60 cm in size with 40 L water volume, equipped with aeration system and stocked with 20 juveniles per each aquarium. Fish were fed to apparent satiation during the treatment and water exchange for every 48 hours. Research design was completely experimental randomized with four treatments and four replications of different niclosamide concentrations i.e. 0.00; 0.01; 0.03; 0.05 mg L"1 for 12 weeks. Specific growth rate was measured and tissue samples (gill, liver, kidney) were collected at fourth; eighth and twelve weeks of exposure time. The growth rate of fish was compare with ANOVA and histopathology of target organ was compare with descriptive analysis. The result indicate that sublethal concentration of 0.03 mg.L-1 niclosamide was significantly (p< 0.05) decrease the specific growth rate; whereas, concentration of 0.01 mg.L-1 niclosamide was induce hyperplasia, hemorrhage and necrosis in the gill, liver and kidney of fish.
Abstrak
Niklosamida (2', 5- dichloro-'4 nitrosalicylanilide) digunakan sebagai pestisida di sawah secara intensif untuk membu-nuh keong mas (Pomacea sp.). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh toksisitas subletal moluskisida niklosamida terhadap pertumbuhan dan kondisi histopatologi (insang, hati dan ginjal) juwana ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio). Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Riset Lingkungan Perikanan Budi Daya dan Toksikologi Cibalagung, Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budi Daya Air Tawar Bogor. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah konsentrasi niklosamida, yaitu: 0,00 (kontrol); 0,01; 0,03; dan 0,05 mg.L"1. Penelitian ini menggunakan 16 akuarium berukuran 70 x 50 x 60 cm3. Ikan mas berukuran 2,5-3,0 gram dipelihara dengan kepadatan 20 ekor dalam volume air 40 L. Ikan uji diberi pakan secara at satiation serta dilakukan penggantian air setiap 48 jam dengan konsentrasi bahan uji yang sama. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap. Peubah yang diukur adalah pertumbuhan dan kondisi his-topatologi. Lama penelitian 12 minggu. Analisis terhadap pertumbuhan menggunakan anova dan kondisi histopatologi secara deskriptif. Konsentrasi subletal moluskisida niklosamida berpengaruh nyata terhadap penurunan pertumbuhan terjadi mulai pada konsentrasi 0,03 mg.L-1 dan mengakibatkan kerusakan pada insang, hati dan ginjal yaitu hiperplasia, hemoragi dan nekrosis pada konsentrasi 0,01 mg.L-1.
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