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Iktiodiversitas di Perairan Teluk Bintuni, Papua Barat [Ichthyodiversity in Bintuni Bay, West Papua]
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Abstract
Research on ichythyodiversity was conducted in June and December 2007 in order to reveal fish diversity in Bintuni Bay, West Papua. A total of 106 fish species belonging to 46 families and 12 orders were captured by beam trawl, fyke-net, and trap in wet and dry seasons. Perciformes was dominant and all of niche habitat inhabited by fish. The diversity of fishes was related with mangrove ecosystem around the Bintuni Bay. Fish communities divided into seven groups according to bioecological category and the group of marine-estuarine species was dominant. Spatial and temporal distributions of fish were varying related to aquatic environmental heterogeneity. A hypothetical trophic web was built based upon the different types of food resources used by each group of fish. Complexity of food web shows that estuary of Bintuni Bay is the feeding ground for many fish species.
Abstrak
Penelitian iktiodiversitas di perairan Teluk Bintuni, Papua Barat dilakukan pada Juni dan Desember 2007 dengan tujuan menggungkap kekayaan spesies ikan di perairan tersebut. Total spesimen ikan yang tertangkap pada dua musim yang berbeda dengan alat tangkap jaring tarik, pukat tepi, dan perangkap adalah 106 spesies dari 46 famili dan 12 ordo. Spesies ikan ordo Perciformes mendominasi komunitas ikan. Semua relung habitat yang tersedia diisi oleh beragam jenis ikan. Besarnya keragaman ikan yang ditemukan tidak terlepas dari keberadaan ekosistem mangrove di sekitar teluk. Komunitas ikan dibagi dalam tujuh kelompok berdasarkan kategori biolekologik dan kelompok spesies yang dominan adalah spesies estuari-bahari (marine-estuarine species). Distribusi spasio-temporal ikan beragam terkait heterogenitas lingkungan perairan. Jaring trofik hipotetik yang dikembangkan berdasarkan jenis ikan yang ditemukan beserta kebiasaan makanannya memperlihatkan bahwa komunitas ikan memanfaatkan semua relung makanan yang tersedia. Kompleksitas jaring makanan ikan memperkuat hipotesis bahwa daerah estuari Teluk Bintuni bervegetasi mangrove merupakan lumbung makanan bagi banyak spesies ikan.
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