OPEN ACCESS PEER-REVIEWED | RESEARCH ARTICLE
PERUBAHAN KOMPOSISI KOMUNITAS IKAN DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENTING YANG MEMENGARUHI SELAMA EMPAT PULUH TAHUN UMUR WADUK DJUANDA [Change of Fish Community Composition and The Influencing Important Factors During Fourty Years of The Djuanda Reservoir Impounded]
Main Article Content
Abstract
Ecologically, damming of Citarum River have altered running waters ecosystem to become impounded ecosystem, Djuanda reservoir. Studies concerning change of fish community composition and important factors which influence them have been conducted in the Djuanda reservoir after 40 years the reservoir completed. Primary data of fish composition were obtained from experimental gillnet sampling of various mesh sizes which compiled in one fleet net, while secondary data were obtained from the literature study. Data analysis and evaluation was conducted based on 4 periods of 10 years since flooding of the reservoir i.e. 1968-1977, 1978-1987, 1988-1997, and 1998-2007. Important ecological factors such as loss of spawning and nursery habitat, degradation of water quality and water level fluctuation of the reservoir have influenced the indigenous fish species of the Citarum River. Fish composition has changed in number as well as in comparison between the indigenous species (23 species) and the exotic species (11 species). Total number of fish species decreased from 34 species to 20 species, while comparison between the indigenous species and exotic species changed from 23:8 to 9:11. Some indigenous species such as carp (Tor duoronensis), java barb (Barbodes gonionotus), lalawatc barb (Barbodes bramaides), genggehek (Mystacoleucus marginalus), jambal catfish (Pangasius djambai), Arengan (Labeo chrysophaekadion), eel (Anguilla sp.) and feather back (Notoplerus chitala) disappeared due to their riverine species need running water habitat and relatively high dissolved oxygen content.
Downloads article
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia |
|
References
Bemacsek, GM. 1984. Guidelines for dam design and operation to optimize fish production in impounded river basin (based on a review of the ecological effects of large dams in Africa). CIFA Tech. Pap., (11): 98 p.
Dinas Perikanan Kabupaten Punwakarta. 1985. Laporan Tahunan tahun 1985. Dinas Perikanan Kabupaten TKII, Purwakarta. 10 hal.
Kartamihardja, E.S., dan A. Hardjamulia. 1983. Kontribusi penebaran ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) terhadap total produksi ikan di Waduk Juanda. Bulletin Penelitian Perikanan Darat, 1 (1)
Kartamihardja, E.S. 1987. Pemantauan gill net untuk pendugaan produksi ikan di Waduk Juanda. Bulletin Penelitian Perikanan Darat, 6 (1)
Kartamihardja, E.S. 1988. Estimasi pertumbuhan, mortalitas, laju eksploitasi dan biomass ikan hampal, Hampala macrolepidota di Waduk Juanda. Bulletin Penelitian Perikanan Darat, 7(1) .
Kartamihardja, E.S. 1988. Analisis “cohort” dan pengeiolaan stok ikan tawes (Puntius javanicus) di Waduk Jatiluhur. Bulletin Penelitian Perikanan Darat, 7 (1)
Kartamihardja, E.S. 1990. Some note on limnological aspects andfisheries of the Saguling, Cirata and Jatiluhur reservoirs, West Java, Indonesia. Res. Inst. Freshwat. Fish. 12 p. (tidak dipublikasikan).
Kartamihardja, E.S. 2002. Pengaruh beban masukan unsur hara N dan P terhadap kelimpahan fitoplankton di Waduk Ir. Djuanda, Jatiluhur. Makalah Topik Khusus PPS700, Program Studi Ilmu Perairan, Program Pascasarjana. IPB. 24 hal (tidak dipublikasikan).
Kartamihardja, E.S., K. Pumomo, A. S. Samita, H. Satria, D.W.H. Tjahjo dan S.E. Pumamaningtyas.
2002. Pengkajian peningkatan stok dan pelestarian ikan patin, baung dan udang galah di Waduk Gajahmungkur, Wadaslintang, Darma, Jatiluhur, Cirata dan Saguling. Laporan Hasil Penelitian. Pusat Riset Perikanan Tangkap, Badan Riset Kelautan dan Perikanan, Jakarta.
Kartamihardja E.S. 2007. Spektra ukuran biomassa plankton dan optimasi pemanfaatannya bagi komunitas ikan di Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda, Jawa Barat. Disertasi. Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. 165 hal. (unpublish).
Kartamihardja E.S., and C. Umar. 2006. Culture, capture conflicts: sustaining fish production and livelihoods in Indonesian reservoirs. Capture Fisheries Component, ACIAR-DGA Indonesia, Final Report.
Kottelat, M., A. J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari, and A. Wirjoatmodjo. 1993. Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi (Ikan Air Tawar Indonesia Bagian Barat dan Sulawesi). Periplus Edition. 293 pages and 84 plates.
Mahmud-ul-Ameen. 2001. Development of guiding principles for the prevention of impacts of alienspecies. Department of Zoology, Dhaka University. 12p.
Nastiti, A.S., Krismono dan E.S. Kartamihardja. 2001. Daya dukung perairan Waduk Jatiluhur untuk budidaya ikan dalam keramba jaring apung. J. Penel. Perikan Indonesia, 7 (2): 14-21
Nuroniah, S. dan E.S. Kartamihardja. 1988. Studi Pendahuluan produktifitas primer di Waduk Jatiluhur, Jawa Barat. Bull. Penel. Perikan. Darat., Balitkanwar, Bogor. hal 22-28.
Penaz, M., V. Barus and M. Prokes. 1999. Change in the structure of fish assemblages in a river used for energy production. Regul. Rivers: Res.Mgmt. 15:169-180.
Pumamaningtyas, S.E. 1994. Pengaruh pembendungan Sungai Citarum terhadap struktur komunitas ikan di Waduk Jatiluhur, Jawa Barat. Bulletin Penelitian Perikanan Darat, 12 (2), Suplemen
Samita, A.S. 1977. Some aspects of fisheries and their management in mane-made lakes in Indonesia with special reference to Lake Jatiluhur, West Java. Procs, IPFC., 17(3): 272-291. Bangkok
Samita, A.S. 1987. Introduction and stocking of fish in lakes and reservoirs in Southeast Asian countries, with special references to Indonesia. FAO. Fish Rep. No. 371, pp.193-198.
Samita, A.S. 1999. Introduction and stocking of freshwater fishes into Inland waters of Indonesia. In: W.L.T van Densen & M.J. Morris (eds) Fish andfisheries of lakes and reservoirs in Southeast Asia and Africa. Westbury Pub., Otley, UK. Pp. 143-150.
Swar, D.B. 1992. Effect of impoundment on the indigenous fish population in Indrasasobar reservoir, Nepal. In De Silva S.S. (ed). Reservoir fisheries of Asia: Proc of the 2nd Asian reservoir fisheries workshop held in Hangzou, People’s Republic of China, 15-19 October 1990. Ottawa, Ont., IDRC, 1992. xvi +280p: 111-118.
Tjahjo, D.W.H. 1994. Studi pemanfaatan pakan oleh juvenil hampal (Hampalamacrolepidota) di Waduk Jatiluhur, Jawa Barat. Bulletin. Penelitian Perikanan Darat, 12 (2), Suplemen
Tjahjo, D.W.H. dan C. Umar. 1994. Interaksi beberapa jenis ikan di Waduk Jatiluhur, Jawa Barat. Bulletin Penelitian Perikanan Darat, 12 (2), Suplemen